Infinitives or infinitive phrases that do not start with the participle ‘to’ are called bare infinitive phrases. These infinitive phrases come after certain verbs, some of those are as following: make, let, see, hear, watch, help. Infinitive phrases without ‘to’ come after modal verbs too. Examples: 1. He let me use his car. 2. If you modify a gerund "from the outside", you treat it as a noun, and so you use an adjective: That's quick thinking! (= that is a quick act of thinking) I heard a faint rustling of feathers or clothes. When emphasising the nominal aspect of a gerund as above, this normally corresponds with expressing the agent of the action with of. While the noun + infinitive rule works in almost every case, there is a common exception involving time. When the phrases spend time or waste time are used, the noun “time” is NOT followed by an infinitive. A gerund always follows these phrases. Also note that the noun “time” can be replaced by an amount of time (using the nouns months ¹ This verb can be used before an infinitive or a gerund without a change in meaning (e.g. I began to plan my trip last week. / I began planning my trip last week.) ² See Meaning differs ³ used (a former habit) — the tense is limited to past . Also see "Like" — Gerund vs. Infinitive – Small Differences in Meaning. 5. Go (pergi, mengerjakan) On Sunday, Mia will go swimming while her mother goes shopping (Di hari minggu, Mia akan berenang sementara ibunya pergi berbelanja) II. Kata kerja yang diikuti oleh Infinitive: 1. Decide (memutuskan) She decided to get married at 23 (Dia memutuskan untuk menikah di usia 23) 2. The second test doesn't work because a gerund-participial clause can function as complement of a preposition. In your third proposed test, their can function as subject of the gerund-participial clause, which (just like your previous test) doesn't prove that the word at issue is a noun. – Present Continuous Verb: We're waiting for the bus. Gerund as Subject: Waiting for the bus is boring. Present Perfect Verb: I have been working on the project for two years. Gerund as Object of Preposition: I look forward to working on the project. Guide to the use of the English gerund including which verbs combine with gerunds, adjective You are right. Using the gerund in this way implies the activity is an end in itself. Consider "I cycle" or "I am going to cycle". Both are vague and impart no information about why I cycle. Is it because I need to get to work and cycling is the best means to do that? I need to water the plants. : phủ nhận là đã làm gì (hành động đã xảy ra rồi) He refused hitting her last night. : từ chối không muốn làm gì (hành động sẽ không xảy ra) She refused to go out with me. 3. Chú ý khi sử dụng gerund và infinitive. Chú ý khi sử dụng gerund và infinitive. Gerund and Infinitive Exercises. On this page you can try some gerund and infinitive exercises to test your knowledge. There are two quizzes. You have to decide if you need the gerund: verb + ing e.g. swimming; or the infinitive: to + verb e.g. to swim; For some, either the gerund or infinitive is possible. Quiz 1 ZQmML8s.